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Linda Mitchell, KCMO's avatar

Greg, you give the Middle Ages a black eye here. In fact, the life of the mother was the most important thing in medieval gynecology and obstetrics and the fetus was not even considered viable in any way until after "quickening"--the first movement of the fetus in the womb. The horrors of obstetrics you are actually thinking about were perpetrated in the misnamed "Enlightenment" era, with the invention of the forceps in the late 16th/early 17th c but first used regularly in the 18th c. The reason why this device changed the calculus of childbirth for women was twofold. First, male physicians, who had formerly eschewed dealing with pregnancy and childbirth to a great degree--leaving all that nasty business to midwives and doulas--adopted the forceps as their special device, forbidding anyone but licensed physicians (i.e. men, not women) from using them and promoting their use for "difficult" births (which they knew very little about since they still thought of the uterus as either a creature that moved around the woman's body, à la Hippocrates, or as an inanimate, inert, and rigid "bell jar" that had to be broken for the baby to emerge, à la Aristotle). This removed knowledgable women from the birthing chamber in ways that were invidious to women's health. Second, the physicians using the forceps never cleaned them. This meant that the rate of postpartum infection went through the roof when forceps were used and male doctors' dirty hands were in the picture. Midwives and doulas were actually concerned about hygiene and home births that used women to run the proceedings were generally safer and more sanitary.

The disastrous population morbidity in the Middle Ages happened usually after birth--about 30-40% of babies died in the first year--because of disease and poor nutrition. Women who survived the birth of their first child generally remained robust unless they were forced to have too many pregnancies (such as occurred when wet-nurses were utilized). In addition, there are quite a few medieval historians--most notably Monica Greene--who have investigated the use of birth control methods and abortion/miscarriage inducing drugs in the Middle Ages and these were rarely prosecuted despite the Church's claim that such things were not allowed. Then, as now, most Catholics tend to make their own decisions about such things. For example, in Ireland, some 75% of the Catholic population admitted to using birth control in a survey a few years ago. And abortion is now legal in Ireland--because the population voted in favor of it, as well as for same-sex marriage.

So please don't blame the medieval word for the incomprehensible and deranged attitudes of the anti-choice movement. Their motives are quite different: the complete removal of women's bodily autonomy from the equation. And the women in the anti-choice movement who accept the Patriarchal Bargain of losing their bodily autonomy in exchange for the benefits of being attached to a dominant male have deluded themselves into thinking that will be okay. Of course, that is, until said male demands his pregnant mistress get an abortion . . .

Barbara's avatar

The horror perpetrated on others within our own boundaries is despicable and heartbreaking - starving children, gun violence, abused undocumented immigrants, racial inequality - I could go on and on. And now this. The human cost is immeasurable. When will we acknowledge that we are only as healthy as the least among us?

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